For a child experiencing severe allergic reactions, what is the first medication to administer?

The administration of epinephrine, typically through an Epipen, is the first and most critical step in managing a severe allergic reaction, such as anaphylaxis. Epinephrine acts quickly to reverse the symptoms of an allergic reaction by constricting blood vessels, which helps to increase blood pressure, and by relaxing the muscles in the airways, thus improving breathing. It also aids in reducing swelling and hives.

In contrast, antihistamines are useful for mild allergic reactions but do not address the life-threatening symptoms associated with anaphylaxis. Corticosteroids may be prescribed to help reduce inflammation, but they do not offer immediate relief and are not a first-line treatment. Saline solution is not a treatment for allergic reactions; it is sometimes used for hydration or flushing out allergies in a non-critical context.

When faced with a severe allergic reaction, prompt recognition and administration of epinephrine not only stabilize the patient but can significantly reduce the risk of further complications or fatalities associated with anaphylaxis.